Do you know the history of these machine tools

Source：Updated：2017-07-12 10:34:33

Formulated according to the state machine model establishment method, machine tool are divided into 11 categories: lathe, drilling machine, boring machine, grinding machine, gear machine, screw machine, milling machine, planer, slotting machine, broaching machine, sawing machine and other machine tools. In each type of machine tool, the layout type and structure performance are divided into several groups according to the process scope, and each group is divided into several series. But are the gold fans familiar with the history of these machines? Today, we will talk about the history of lathe, boring machine, milling machine, planer, grinding machine and drilling machine. 
 
1. Lathe 
 
Lathe is the machine tool which is used for turning the rotary workpiece by turning the lathe. The lathe can also be used for the processing of drills, reamer, reamer, tap, die and knurling tools. The lathe is mainly used for machining shaft, disc, sleeve and other workpiece with rotating surface, which is the most widely used machine tool in machine manufacturing and repair shop. 
Do you know the history of these machine tools? 
 
1. The "bow lathe" of ancient pulleys and bow shafts. 
 
Back in ancient Egypt, people had invented the technique of cutting wood around its central axis when it was rotating with a tool. At first, people is to use two buck as support, set up to cutting wood, use the branches of the elastic rolled the rope to the wood, open or being pulled the rope rotating timber, and holding a tool for cutting. 
 
This ancient method gradually developed into orbit two or three times on the pulley rope, the rope on a bow bend elastic rod, rotate, pushing the bow to and fro to make processing object for turning, this is the "bow lathe. 
 
2. The "bicycle bed" of the medieval crankshaft and flywheel drive. 
 
In the middle ages, someone devised a "bicycle bed" that rotated the crankshaft with its feet and led the flywheel to its axis. In the middle of the 16th century, a designer in France named besson designed a lathe that used screw bars to slide a tool, but it was not widely used. 
 
In the 18th century, the bed and chuck were born. 
 
By the 18th century, and others, we design a foot pedal and rotating crankshaft connecting rod, can put the rotational kinetic energy stored in the flywheel on the lathe, and from the direct rotary workpiece to rotate headstock, headstock is a chuck is used for clamping workpiece. 
 
In 1797, British man mozley invented the epoch-making tool lathe. 
 
The lathe comes with precision lead screw and interchangeable gear. Mozlison was born in 1771, when he was 18 years old. He was the inventor's right-hand man. He was said to have been a farm worker, and was disabled by an accident at the age of 16, when he was disabled from his right ankle. His first invention was the flush toilet in 1778, he has been to help design plummer hydraulic press and other machinery, until 26 leave plummer, because plummer rudely rejected moritz, put forward to increase wages to the request of more than 30 shillings a week. 
 
The year he left brammer, he made the first thread lathe, an all-metal lathe, capable of moving along two parallel rails of the cutters and the tail. The guide surface of the guide is triangular, leading the screw to move the tool frame sideways while the spindle is rotating. This is the main body of modern lathe, which can be used to make the precision metal screws of any pitch. 
 
Three years later, mozley built a more perfect lathe in his own workshop, with gears that could be replaced with each other to change the pitch of the feed and the thread that was being processed. In 1817, another Englishman, Roberts, used a band four wheel and a back wheel to change the spindle speed. Before long, larger lathes were also available, which contributed to the invention of steam engines and other machines. 
 
5. The invention of various special lathes to improve mechanization automation. 
 
In 1845, the American inventor of turret lathe; In 1848, the United States returned to the wheel. In 1873, spencer made a single-spindle automatic lathe in the United States, and soon he made a three-axis automatic lathe. At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a lathe with a gearbox driven by a single motor. Thanks to the invention of high speed tool steel and the application of electric motors, the lathe has been continuously improved, which has finally reached the modern level of high speed and high precision. 
 
After world war I, with the need for arms, automobiles and other mechanical industries, various efficient automatic lathe and specialized lathe developed rapidly. In order to improve the productivity of small batch workpiece, the lathe of hydraulic copy device was popularized in the late 1940s, and the multi-tool lathe was developed. In the 1950s, the program controlled the lathe with punch card, latch plate and dial code. Numerical control technology began to be used in lathes in the 1960s and developed rapidly after the 1970s. 
 
6. The lathes are divided into various types according to their use and functional areas. 
 
The machining object of ordinary lathes is broad, the adjustment range of spindle speed and feed quantity is large, can machined the inside and outside surface of the workpiece, face and inside and outside thread. This kind of lathe is mainly manual operation by workers, low production efficiency, suitable for single, small batch production and repair shop. 
 
Turret lathe and rotary lathe can hold many of the cutting tool turret head or back to rest, can in a clamping workpiece by the workers, in turn, use different tools to complete a variety of working procedure, suitable for batch production. 
 
Automatic lathe can automatically complete the multi-process machining of small and medium-sized workpieces according to certain procedures, and can automatically and then process a batch of the same workpiece, which can be used in large quantities and mass production. 
 
Multi-tool semi-automatic lathe with single shaft, multi-axis, horizontal and vertical. Similar to ordinary lathe of single axle horizontal layout form, but the two groups before and after the tool post respectively mounted on the spindle or up and down, used for machining axial workpiece, disc, ring, and the productivity 3 ~ 5 times higher than that of ordinary lathe. 
 
Copying lathe can be modelled on the template or the shape of the sample sizes, and machining of automatic circulation, is suitable for the shape more complex artifacts of small batch and mass production, productivity is 10 ~ 15 times higher than ordinary lathe. There are multi-tool frame, multi-axis, chuck type and vertical type. 
 
The spindle of vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The workpiece is mounted on a horizontal rotary table, and the knife is moved on the beam or column. It is applicable to the workpiece that is heavy, heavy and difficult to install on ordinary lathes, and is divided into two kinds: single column and double column. 
 
The blade is used for the radial reciprocating motion of the blade, which is used for the forming of the shaping teeth of milling cutter and hob. Usually with a shoveling attachment, a small grinding wheel that is driven by a single motor. 
 
A special lathe is a lathe used to process certain kinds of workpiece, such as crankshaft lathe, camshaft lathe, wheel lathe, axle lathe, roller lathe and ingot lathe. 
 
Combined lathe is mainly used for turning processing, but after additional some special parts and accessories, also can be boring, milling, drilling, and grinding processing, has the characteristics of "pluripotent" in one, and is suitable for the engineering vehicle, ship, or work on the site's mobile repair and replacement.